8.2.2 Scoping Review – Main content – Tables, Results and Discussion
Beverley Glass
Scoping Review – Main Content
When developing the main content in a scoping review there are often three main sections:
- Table
- Results
- Discussion
(see the Pharmacy example below)
Scoping Review – Main content – Example
From Calleja et al Pharmacist-Led Interventions for Medication Adherence in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Scoping Review in Pharmacy- Available at https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9922/1f8b18b85b6bacfea8342bb2dd4c866e8c21.pdf
- Table
- Results
- Discussion
In the text below is an example of the table of results from this article above
TABLE
- The table is a summary of data extracted from the research papers (included papers N=8)and can be designed as shown below. This is an excerpt from a table from the paper above, showing four research paper method sections. The vertical column headings are in blue text
| Author, Year, Country, and Aim | Study design: Participants: Methodology (and Analysis) | Study Findings |
| Al-Abdelmuhsin et al., 2020, Saudi Arabia [20]
To assess the satisfaction of patients undergoing haemodialysis regarding counselling services provided by pharmacists. |
Study design: Cross-sectional survey
Participants: n = 138 patients Methodology: 224 haemodialysis (HD) patients in the KAMC-Central Region (KAMC-CR) completed a satisfaction survey recording demographic data, HD duration, preferred counselling time, detailed medications list and preferred health professional for medication counselling.
|
Barriers: ☐
Interventions: ☒ Perceptions: ☒ Financial Implications: ☐ Outcomes: ☒Pharmacists play an integral role in providing patients with knowledge regarding their treatment and thus improving their relationship with their often-extensive therapies. |
| Author, Year, Country, and Aim | Study design: Participants: Methodology (and Analysis) | Study Findings |
| Chandrasekhar et. al., 2018, India [10]
To evaluate the effect that various Interventional methods have on medication adherence behaviours of patients with CKD. |
Study design: Prospective interventional study.
Participants: n = 163 patients Methodology: The Modified Morisky 8 item Questionnaire (MMQS-8) was used to characterise patient adherence. Interventions including patient counselling, patient information leaflets and tele-health consults were provided to patients based on their adherence scores. Post-interventional patient adherence was recorded for comparison.
|
Barriers: ☒
Interventions: ☒ Perceptions: ☒ Financial Implications: ☐ Outcomes: ☒ Periodic counselling by clinical pharmacists of patients with CKD improves medication adherence through improving comprehension and removing misconceptions regarding the disease and therapy. |
| Author, Year, Country, and Aim | Study design: Participants: Methodology (and Analysis) | Study Findings |
| Cooney et al., 2015, USA [17]
To evaluate the effect of a pharmacist-based quality improvement program on patient outcomes and adherence to CKD guidelines in a primary care setting. |
Study design: Pragmatic, randomized, controlled trial.
Participants: n = 2199 patients Methodology: Patients were selected from community based outpatient clinics (moderate to severe CKD). The intervention arm included pharmacist medicine reviews and counselling, pharmacist collaboration with physicians and the provision of information booklets to patients. Clinical outcomes indicated, quality of life and all-cause mortality recorded as indicators.
|
Barriers: ☒
Interventions: ☒ Perceptions: ☒ Financial Implications: ☐ Outcomes: ☒ Pharmacist-led medication reviews, counselling, collaboration with physicians and patient information resources improved medication adherence in patients with CKD. |
| Author, Year, Country, and Aim | Study design: Participants: Methodology (and Analysis) | Study Findings |
| Daifi et al., 2021, USA [15]
To evaluate the impact of a clinical pharmacist in a single haemodialysis (HD) facility on patient medication outcomes and compliance. |
Study design: Retrospective observational descriptive study.
Participants: n = 2000 patients Methodology: HD patients clinical notes made by pharmacists during daily medication reconciliations and medication reviews were recorded in patient electronic medical records.
|
Barriers: ☒
Interventions: ☒ Perceptions: ☒ Financial Implications: ☒ Outcomes: ☒ Pharmacist interventions are an effective means of addressing medication related programs for patients with CKD, resulting in improved medication adherence, patient outcomes and alleviating financial burden on the healthcare system. |
 |
RESULTSThe results section should have a synthesis of the columns in the summary table See the example information below that unpacks the results headings and content of the research example above |
 |
DISCUSSIONThe Discussion section should have:
See the example information below that unpacks the discussion headings and content of the research example above |